{"id":17045,"date":"2024-10-08T15:29:23","date_gmt":"2024-10-08T13:29:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blaha.adsventure.cz\/?p=17045"},"modified":"2025-02-11T15:45:26","modified_gmt":"2025-02-11T14:45:26","slug":"predkupni-pravo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blaha.adsventure.cz\/en\/pre-emption-law\/","title":{"rendered":"Right of pre-emption: what does it mean and when does it apply to you?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"17045\" class=\"elementor elementor-17045\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-element elementor-element-da165cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"da165cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65d5bb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65d5bb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The right of pre-emption is an important issue for both buyers and sellers. Let's explain it in more detail.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-286d0e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"286d0e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col relative items-end\"><div class=\"pt-0.5 juice:pt-0\"><div class=\"gizmo-bot-avatar flex h-6 w-6 items-center justify-center overflow-hidden rounded-full juice:h-8 juice:w-8\"><p data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"14\"><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"12\">Summary:<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"16\" data-end=\"294\" data-is-last-node=\"\">Right of first refusal means that a person has a preferential option to buy a property over other interested parties. Since 2020, this arrangement has been significantly simplified - today it is most often used in the context of inheritance proceedings. For co-owners, it applies by law only in specific cases.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-element elementor-element-fd6d33a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fd6d33a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29706fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"29706fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What does pre-emption mean and how does it affect your property?\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bef194 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8bef194\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"71\" data-end=\"372\">The right of pre-emption is a legal institution that is closely linked to the co-ownership of real estate. In practice, this means that if a co-owner plans to sell his share, he must first offer it to the other co-owners before transferring it to another buyer. These co-owners therefore have the right of first refusal.<\/p><p data-start=\"374\" data-end=\"640\" data-is-last-node=\"\">This principle has undergone several important legislative changes in recent years which may affect the sale of your property. If you are planning to sell your property, it is a good idea to familiarise yourself thoroughly with the rules of pre-emption to avoid any complications.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-element elementor-element-16fdb1b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"16fdb1b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b66c23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4b66c23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is pre-emption?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e89ec76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e89ec76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Pre-emption is a specific right of a person or group of persons to acquire a property before the owner offers it to other buyers. If the owner decides to sell the property, he must first offer it to those who have the right of first refusal. This mechanism ensures that those entitled have the opportunity to exercise their right of first refusal to acquire it before entering into a sale to the wider public.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-element elementor-element-2e710f9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2e710f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66ab59a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"66ab59a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How has pre-emption changed since 2020?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7c10b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d7c10b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"52\" data-end=\"307\">From <strong data-start=\"55\" data-end=\"75\">1 July 2020<\/strong> a major modification has been made <strong data-start=\"99\" data-end=\"145\">of the Civil Code\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zakonyprolidi.cz\/cs\/2012-89#f4582497\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Act No. 89\/2012 Coll.<\/a>which has significantly affected the operation of the pre-emption right. The changes have mostly affected <strong data-start=\"225\" data-end=\"255\">co-owners of real estate<\/strong> and pre-emption rights under <strong data-start=\"284\" data-end=\"304\">inheritance proceedings<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"309\" data-end=\"621\" data-is-last-node=\"\">Previously, co-owners had the option of pre-emption in a wider range of situations, but the amendment brought <strong data-start=\"411\" data-end=\"453\">more specific rules and certain restrictions<\/strong>. Thanks to this, for example. <strong data-start=\"478\" data-end=\"552\">the general obligation to offer your share to the other co-owners has been abolished<\/strong>, which in practice simplified the transfer of real estate between non-co-owners.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-element elementor-element-323b5c3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"323b5c3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-930aece elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"930aece\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">When and how can the pre-emption right be used?\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6ba3c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b6ba3c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col relative items-end\"><div class=\"pt-0.5 juice:pt-0\"><div class=\"gizmo-bot-avatar flex h-6 w-6 items-center justify-center overflow-hidden rounded-full juice:h-8 juice:w-8\"><div class=\"relative p-1 rounded-sm flex items-center justify-center bg-token-main-surface-primary text-token-text-primary h-8 w-8\"><p data-start=\"49\" data-end=\"83\"><strong data-start=\"51\" data-end=\"81\">Right of pre-emption in inheritance<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"84\" data-end=\"410\"><li data-start=\"84\" data-end=\"160\">The heirs have the right of first refusal to purchase the share before third parties.<\/li><li data-start=\"161\" data-end=\"213\">Valid <strong data-start=\"169\" data-end=\"191\">six-month period<\/strong> from the acquisition of the inheritance.<\/li><li data-start=\"214\" data-end=\"351\"><strong data-start=\"216\" data-end=\"227\">Exception<\/strong>: If the heir transfers the share to another co-owner or direct relative (e.g. a child), the pre-emption right does not apply.<\/li><li data-start=\"352\" data-end=\"410\">After 6 months, the heir can sell the share to anyone.<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"412\" data-end=\"455\"><strong data-start=\"414\" data-end=\"453\">Pre-emption right between co-owners<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"456\" data-end=\"668\"><li data-start=\"456\" data-end=\"568\">It applies to cases where co-ownership has arisen <strong data-start=\"511\" data-end=\"539\">without the direct will of the owners<\/strong> (e.g. by inheritance, will).<\/li><li data-start=\"569\" data-end=\"668\">The time limit applies <strong data-start=\"583\" data-end=\"595\">6 months<\/strong>during which the share must first be offered to the other co-owners.<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"670\" data-end=\"701\"><strong data-start=\"672\" data-end=\"699\">Pre-emptive right of tenants<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"702\" data-end=\"921\"><li data-start=\"702\" data-end=\"852\">If the house was not originally divided into residential units but the division subsequently occurs, the tenants have a right of first refusal to buy the apartment they are occupying.<\/li><li data-start=\"853\" data-end=\"921\"><strong data-start=\"855\" data-end=\"878\">Deadline for application<\/strong>: 6 months from the creation of the separate unit.<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"923\" data-end=\"954\"><strong data-start=\"925\" data-end=\"952\">Contractual pre-emption right<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"955\" data-end=\"1114\"><li data-start=\"955\" data-end=\"1054\">May be negotiated <strong data-start=\"975\" data-end=\"1006\">contractually between two parties<\/strong> (e.g. between the seller and the prospective buyer).<\/li><li data-start=\"1055\" data-end=\"1114\">The parties determine the terms of the pre-emption right in the contract.<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1116\" data-end=\"1350\" data-is-last-node=\"\"><strong data-start=\"1119\" data-end=\"1131\">Summary:<\/strong><br data-start=\"1131\" data-end=\"1134\" \/>The right of pre-emption protects certain groups of persons and gives them the opportunity to acquire the property before other interested parties. In most cases, its <strong data-start=\"1265\" data-end=\"1297\">validity limited to 6 months<\/strong>, so it is important to keep an eye on time limits and conditions.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-element elementor-element-43b0039 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"43b0039\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7293f78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7293f78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa7a66d elementor-align-center elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"fa7a66d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-shrink\" href=\"https:\/\/blaha.adsventure.cz\/en\/sluzby\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-long-arrow-alt-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M313.941 216H12c-6.627 0-12 5.373-12 12v56c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h301.941v46.059c0 21.382 25.851 32.09 40.971 16.971l86.059-86.059c9.373-9.373 9.373-24.569 0-33.941l-86.059-86.059c-15.119-15.119-40.971-4.411-40.971 16.971V216z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">How do I go about selling and renting a property?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159edkupn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo k nemovitosti je d\u016fle\u017eitou ot\u00e1zkou jak pro kupuj\u00edc\u00ed, tak pro prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed. Poj\u010fme si jej podrobn\u011bji vysv\u011btlit. Shrnut\u00ed: P\u0159edkupn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e1 osoba m\u00e1 p\u0159ednostn\u00ed mo\u017enost koupit nemovitost p\u0159ed jin\u00fdmi z\u00e1jemci. Od roku 2020 do\u0161lo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9to \u00fapravy \u2013 dnes se nej\u010dast\u011bji vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci d\u011bdick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. U spoluvlastn\u00edk\u016f plat\u00ed ze [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17045","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezarazene"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"miblaha","author_link":"https:\/\/blaha.adsventure.cz\/en\/author\/miblaha\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"P\u0159edkupn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo k nemovitosti je d\u016fle\u017eitou ot\u00e1zkou jak pro kupuj\u00edc\u00ed, tak pro prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed. Poj\u010fme si jej podrobn\u011bji vysv\u011btlit. Shrnut\u00ed: P\u0159edkupn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e1 osoba m\u00e1 p\u0159ednostn\u00ed mo\u017enost koupit nemovitost p\u0159ed jin\u00fdmi z\u00e1jemci. Od roku 2020 do\u0161lo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9to \u00fapravy \u2013 dnes se nej\u010dast\u011bji vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci d\u011bdick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. U spoluvlastn\u00edk\u016f plat\u00ed ze&hellip;","rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"miblaha","author_link":"https:\/\/blaha.adsventure.cz\/en\/author\/miblaha\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"<a href=\"https:\/\/blaha.adsventure.cz\/en\/category\/nezarazene\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Neza\u0159azen\u00e9<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"P\u0159edkupn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo k nemovitosti je d\u016fle\u017eitou ot\u00e1zkou jak pro kupuj\u00edc\u00ed, tak pro prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed. Poj\u010fme si jej podrobn\u011bji vysv\u011btlit. Shrnut\u00ed: P\u0159edkupn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e1 osoba m\u00e1 p\u0159ednostn\u00ed mo\u017enost koupit nemovitost p\u0159ed jin\u00fdmi z\u00e1jemci. Od roku 2020 do\u0161lo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9to \u00fapravy \u2013 dnes se nej\u010dast\u011bji vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci d\u011bdick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. U spoluvlastn\u00edk\u016f plat\u00ed ze&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blaha.adsventure.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17045","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blaha.adsventure.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blaha.adsventure.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blaha.adsventure.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blaha.adsventure.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17045"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/blaha.adsventure.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17045\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17050,"href":"https:\/\/blaha.adsventure.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17045\/revisions\/17050"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blaha.adsventure.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17045"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blaha.adsventure.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17045"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blaha.adsventure.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17045"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}